Cochineal

Scale insects are a superfamily of phytophagous, phloem-feeding insects (parasites that feed on plant sap). In particular, the Comma Scale (Mytilococcus beckii) is a widely distributed species. It is especially common in coastal areas and primarily affects citrus trees, particularly lemon and orange. It infests the canopy in areas where humidity stagnates the most and in shaded zones, localizing on branches, leaves, and fruits.

These insects are very small, measuring about 3–4 mm. The female has numerous glands on her abdomen that secrete silk, wax, and lacquer, which cover her body, forming a distinctive shield that makes identification unmistakable.

The damage is caused by the females using specialized stylets. These are used to pierce plant tissues and extract sap, weakening the plant. Their attack results in spots, discoloration, and deformations, which can compromise the fruit’s taste and appearance. Another possible consequence is reduced leaf and branch growth.

Agronomic control primarily consists of pruning the canopy to thin it out, improving air circulation, and ensuring balanced fertilization. The innovative BioAksxter® fertilization method restores crop balance and enhances the action of other products while eliminating their polluting effects. Its consistent use leads to a gradual reduction in the need for additional external inputs, benefiting both the farmer's income and the soil's integrity.